A study of the effects of 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine in the tail suspension and forced swim models of depression

doi:10.18679/CN11-6030/R.2016.013

Translational Neuroscience and Clinics

2016, Vol. 2

Issue (2): 96-107 doi: 10.18679/CN11-6030/R.2016.013

Original Articles

A study of the effects of 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine in the tail suspension and forced swim models of depression

Nataliia Markova^1,2,3, Anton Chernopiatko⁴, Aslan Kubatiev², Sergey Bachurin¹, Harry M. W. Steinbusch³, Tatyana Strekalova³

1 Laboratory of Biomolecular screening, Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Severnii Proezd 1, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region 142432, Russia;
2 Laboratory of Cognitive dysfunctions, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution"Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology", Baltiyskaia Str. 8, Moscow 125315, Russia;
3 Department of Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht NL 6229 ER, the Netherlands;
4 Section of Neuropharmacology Research, Timantti AB, Sundbyberg 104, Stockholm 17407, Sweden

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Abstract Objectives: Recent findings have further highlighted the role of the thyroid system in the pathophysiology of depression and revealed new physiologically relevant elements of the thyroid system. Our previous study showed an antidepressant-like effect of 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine (T2), which was previously considered to be a physiologically inactive molecule, in mice. Here, we aimed to investigate the antidepressant-like effects of T2 further.
Methods: We studied the effects of bolus injections of T2 to C57Bl6J mice at doses of 0.25 or 0.75 mg/kg with the tail suspension and forced swim models. The effects of the higher dose were investigated in CD1 mice in the forced swim test. Potential behavioral effects of these treatments were also studied using the novel cage and dark-light box tests.
Results: A reduction of depressive-like behavior was found in mice treated with 0.75 mg/kg of T2 in the tail suspension test, but not in the forced swim test. Locomotion and anxiety variables were unaltered following treatment with T2. There were no significant changes after bolus administration of 0.25 mg/kg T2 in either test for depressive-like behavior. Thus, bolus injection of T2 at the dose 0.75 mg/kg can induce antidepressant-like effects without affecting other behaviors.
Conclusions: A discrepant result in the forced swim test may be due to its different sensitivity to T2 compared with the tail suspension paradigm. Furthermore, the development of procedural modifications of this model can be useful in its application in pre-clinical studies.

Key words： forced swim test tail suspension test depression animal models thyroid hormones

Received: 20 April 2016 Published: 30 June 2016

Fund: Supported by RFBR, research project No. 16-34-01165.

Corresponding Authors: Tatyana Strekalova,E-mail:t.strekalova@maastrichtuniversity.nl E-mail: t.strekalova@maastrichtuniversity.nl


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	Nataliia Markova
	Anton Chernopiatko
	Aslan Kubatiev
	Sergey Bachurin
	Harry M. W. Steinbusch
	Tatyana Strekalova

Cite this article:

Nataliia Markova, Anton Chernopiatko, Aslan Kubatiev, Sergey Bachurin, Harry M. W. Steinbusch, Tatyana Strekalova. A study of the effects of 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine in the tail suspension and forced swim models of depression. Translational Neuroscience and Clinics, 2016, 2(2): 96-107.

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http://tnc.tsinghuajournals.com/10.18679/CN11-6030/R.2016.013 OR http://tnc.tsinghuajournals.com/Y2016/V2/I2/96

Figure 1 Schematic timeline of tail suspension (a) and forced
swim (b) experiments, and (c) tests for anxiety and locomotion.

Figure 2 Effects of 0.25 mg/kg T2 in the tail suspension and forced swim tests. On Day 1 (a) and Day 2 (b) of the tail suspension test, mice
treated with 0.25 mg/kg T2 (n = 8) showed no difference in the latency or duration of immobility compared with vehicle-treated control
mice (n = 7). On Day 1 (c) and Day 2 (d) of the forced swim test, mice treated with 0.25 mg/kg T2 (n = 20) showed no difference in the
latency or duration of floating as compared with vehicle-treated control mice (n = 20). Mann-Whitney test.

Figure 3(a, b) Effects of 0.75 mg/kg T2 in the tail suspension and forced swim tests. (a) In comparison with vehicle-treated control
animals (n = 5), mice treated with 0.75 mg/kg T2 (n = 8) showed no difference in the latency or duration of immobility on Day 1 of the tail
suspension test. (b) The duration of immobility was significantly reduced during the first two-minute testing interval of the test on Day 2.

Figure 4 Effects of T2 on anxiety and locomotor behavior. In the dark-light box, C57Bl/6 mice treated with 0.75 mg/kg T2 (n = 5) did not
differ from vehicle-treated mice (n = 6) in the latency of the first exit (a), time spent in (b), or number of exits to (c) the light compartment.
In the novel cage (d), C57Bl/6 mice that received 0.25 mg/kg T2 (n = 5) and CD1 mice treated with 0.75 mg/kg T2 (n = 5) did not differ from
vehicle-treated control C57Bl/6 mice (n = 10) or vehicle-treated CD1 mice (n = 6), respectively, in the number of rearing behaviors.
Mann-Whitney test.

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